Cervical Spondylosis: What You Should Know

Causes of Cervical Spondylosis

Cervical spondylosis is defined as a degenerative alteration of the cervical intervertebral discs. Narrowing of the spinal canal can result in compression of the spinal cord and nerves, which are responsible for pain perception, general sensation, and arm movement. This condition occurs most frequently in individuals over 60 years of age, with a similar prevalence in men and women.

Risk factors associated with the development of cervical spondylosis include:

• Type and nature of the patient’s occupation
• Trauma to the cervical region
• Mechanical stress from daily activities and habits, such as prolonged use of tablets and computers, sedentary lifestyle, etc.
• Age
• Smoking
• Genetic predisposition
• Autoimmune diseases

Symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis

In the early stages, cervical spondylosis may be asymptomatic or present with very mild symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, patients may experience:

• Headache
• Neck pain
• Neck stiffness
• Pain radiating to the shoulder blades
• Numbness in the arms
• Weakness in the lower limbs
• Loss of coordination
• Difficulty performing fine motor tasks with the hands, such as buttoning or tying
• Reflex abnormalities
• Gait disturbances
• Urinary incontinence

Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Spondylosis

Accurate diagnosis of cervical spondylosis requires a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies, including X-rays, CT scans, MRI, as well as electromyography (EMG). Following diagnosis, the physician can determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

Management strategies may be conservative or surgical. Conservative approaches include:

• Rest to minimize stress on the affected joint.
• Avoidance of athletic activities
• Pharmacological treatment (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants)
• Structured physical therapy program

In the majority of cases, conservative management is sufficient to alleviate pain and other symptoms. However, in severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. Surgical options include Cervical discectomy and Posterior laminectomy, with or without spinal fusion.The choice of surgical technique depends on MRI findings and the stage of the disease.

Cervical spondylosis can significantly impact daily activities, even the simplest ones. Therefore, early consultation with a specialist at the onset of symptoms is strongly recommended.